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Peat formation and peat meadow restoration
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Picek, Tomáš (referee)
This work aims to clarify and describe the necessary conditions of the peat soil horizon formation. The following three types of locations were compared. Drained locations that were revitalized afterwards. Locations which were drained and never revitalized. And lastly undrained localities where the original peat horizons are still presented. It has been proven that the grounwater level differs in drained and undrained areas. However, there was no significant differrence between revitalized and non-revitalized areas in drained types of locations. The results confirmed that Sphagnum spp., which is the most important species in peat formation, dominates the plant community where the groundwater level is higher than 25 cm. If the grounwater level is lower than 25 cm below the surface, Sphagnum spp. disappears very quickly and degrades peat soil horizons. The work also proved the groundwater level directly affects plant comunities that more or less promote carbon accumulation in the soil but water level and anaerobic conditions have no direct affect on soil carbon accumulation and only affect the vegetation composition of the peat soil horizon.
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The effect of drainage and restoration on vegetation of wet peaty meadows.
Krejčová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarise the current knowledge of the effects of amelioration entervention especially drainage on wet meadow vegetation. First part of this thesis consisting of literature review of scientific papers and other studies summarises the influence of water on soil. It describes how the loss of water and degradation of soil influence the plant communities of wetlands. Drainage of wetlands was very common due to the intensification of agriculture in the past. The amelioration intervension resulted in the loss of peat horizon in soil and reduction of biodiversity. This review explains the reasons to common drainage in the past. In conclusion of the review, the thesis evaluates the efficiency and possibilities of wetland biotopes restoration. The second part of the thesis describes the specific research in the village Senotín (running between 2015 and 2016) which compared the results of the studies from 1996 and 2016. The effectiveness of restoration was examined and compared on the basis of phytosociological images of vegetation which are presented on three different types of areas.
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Flora and vegetation of selected wet and fen grasslands near Havlíčkův Brod
Kutlvašr, Josef ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
The research was conducted in the growing season 2015 in selected wet and
peaty meadows near Havlíčkův Brod (Bohemian-Moravian highlands).
Phytosociological classification was carried out using the formalized Cocktail method,
which assigns relevés by formal definitions, and method of assigning according to
similarity of species composition (FPFI index). Nine vegetation groups were
delimitated: seven at association and two at alliance level. Wet meadow of the
association Angelico sylvestris-Cirsietum palustris is the most common community.
Wet meadows of the associations Scirpetum sylvaticae and Lysimachio vulgaris-
Filipenduletum ulmariae (both Calthion alliance) regularly occur. The stands of the
associations Poo-Trisetetum flavescentis (Arrhenatherion alliance) and Poo trivialis-
Alopecuretum pratensis (Deschampsion alliance) was documented at the drier edges
of the localities. Thirteen species listed in the Red list of the Czech Republic were
found. Dactylorhiza majalis, Tephroseris crispa and Valeriana dioica were the most
abundant. Carex hartmanii, Carex paniculata, Eleocharis mammilata subsp.
mamillata, Epilobium palustre, Pedicularis sylvatica, Potamogeton lucens, Comarum
palustre, Scorzonera humilis, Sparganium erectum and Trifolium spadiceum occur
rarely. Some localities (Bartoušov, Čistá, Dlouhá Ves-Pod silnicí, Mozerov a Skorkov)
are suitable for statute significant landscape element for the occurence of these
endangered species.
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Effect of management on three moss species of fen meadows (Breidleria pratensis, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Tomentypnum nitens)
VELEHRADSKÁ, Tereza
Effects of different types of management (control, mown, mown + disturbed (gaps) + litter removed) on three moss species of fen meadows were studied. Experimental plots were established at sixteen sites in the Bohemian Forest, in the foothills of the Bohemian Forest and in Českomoravská vrchovina. Relevés and micromaps of bryophytes in the plots 0.5 × 0.5m were sampled at the beginning of the experiment during the summer season of 2010 and then after 3 seasons (during the summer season of 2012) of performing management. The age of the abandoned meadows was also determined and values of pH, conductivity and height of water level of each plot were measured. Positive influences of both types of management on the cover of Tomentypnum nitens and of management with creating gaps and remowing of litter on the cover of Breidleria pratensis were significant. Effect of management on the Sphagnum warnstorfii was significant only when processes of remaining on already occupied places and the expansion to new places were tested separately. Enviromental values did not significantly influence the change of cover of any species between 2010 and 2012. In conclusion, it is clear that diverse management with reasonable use of these practices (mowing, creation of gaps, litter removal) is desirable for maintaining of vital and diverse bryophyte layer.
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Effect of management on the vegetation and the species diversity of vascular plants and bryophytes of the Bohemian Forest{\crq}s fen meadows
VELEHRADSKÁ, Tereza
Effect of management on the vegetation, the species composition and the species diversity of vascular plants and bryophytes of fen meadows was studied. Relevés (4x4m2) were sampled at seven mown sites and at seven unmown sites across the Bohemian Forest and foothills of Bohemian Forest during the summer season of 2009. General linear models and methods of direct and indirect gradient analysis were used for evaluation of species data. The influence of management on differences in species composision of vascular plants and bryophytes was significant. The management had significant effect on the number of species of vascular plants, the number of Sphagnum species and the cover of Sphagnum species. The significant impact of management on the species diversity, the percentage share of rare species and the number of species and cover of all bryophytes was not found.
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